PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: ENHANCING TRANSPARENCY AND CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Abstract

Participatory budgeting (PB) is a democratic innovation that allows citizens to directly influence the allocation of public funds. Over the past decade, Southeast Asian local governments have adopted PB to improve transparency, strengthen citizen engagement, and rebuild trust in public institutions. This study examines the implementation of PB initiatives in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, analyzing their processes, outcomes, and challenges. Using a comparative case study method, the research draws on field interviews, policy documents, and budget reports. Findings reveal that PB enhances civic inclusion, especially among marginalized groups, and increases fiscal accountability. However, the process faces constraints such as political interference, limited digital infrastructure, and weak civic literacy. The study concludes with policy recommendations for institutionalizing participatory governance at the grassroots level.