TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED SOCIAL ENTERPRISES: A MODEL FOR EMPOWERING MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES THROUGH DIGITAL INCLUSION

Abstract

Technology-enabled social enterprises (TESEs) are increasingly recognized as powerful vehicles for empowering marginalized communities through digital inclusion. This paper investigates how TESEs operate at the intersection of innovation, social good, and economic resilience. Through a qualitative case study of four social enterprises in Malaysia and Indonesia, the research examines digital strategies used to provide education, healthcare, and market access to underserved populations. Findings indicate that success is driven by a community-first approach, adaptive use of low-cost digital tools, strategic partnerships, and hybrid revenue models. However, challenges include digital illiteracy, inconsistent infrastructure, and funding instability. The study proposes a scalable model for digital inclusion through social enterprise, with recommendations for policymakers, donors, and technology providers.